Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management Research Paper

Supply Chain Man boardment (SCM) and guest Relationship circumspection (CRM) Systems - Research Paper ExampleIt in like manner resulted in increased operational cost. The SCM and the CRM control enabled to increase profitability of the firms by increasing the speed and efficiency of the overall process, however have enabled to bring low the operational costs. Therefore, in future as well the organizations are submitd to make use of these both modern management systems in order to stay out of rival in this increasing globalised business organisation environment. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Approach of SCM and its Benefits in Comparison to tralatitious Management Systems 5 Approach of CRM and its Benefits in Comparison to Traditional Management Systems 8 Recommendation and Conclusion 11 References 13 Bibliography 16 Introduction In this age of competition and altering environment of business, it is important to perform certain mult ifaceted processes in business. These business processes require to be performed in order to make profits and also for the successful existence of enterprises or organizations. The competition is increasing with every passing day and so it is important for enterprises to employ technologies which would facilitate in conservation on time, reducing expenses as well as provide assurance regarding the quality of the products. The application of knowledge technologies (IT) and information systems (IS) so as to systematize decide on and deal with huge volumes of information that has turn out to be of immense help for the enterprises. The implementation of these technologies has facilitated effective operational deals, mechanization of processes as well as activities and even decision making. The recent additions in the field of technologies were in the form of Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The execution of these technologies have assisted the enterprises or organizations to arrange their business operations in an efficient manner which further assists in saving time as well sign up the expenses of the organizations (Mukhopadhyay, 2011). Approach of SCM and its Benefits in Comparison to Traditional Management Systems SCM is said to be a collection of plan coordinated behaviors as well as judgments which are made use of in order to proficiently put together the producers, transporters, suppliers, warehouses, customers and the retailers. It is done so as to make certain that the correct and the appropriate overhaul or the product is being circulated in the accurate quantities to the appropriate destinations and also at the accurate time. This engine room and system of coordinated behaviors facilitates in bringing down the system-wide expenses along with fulfilling the extent of service necessities of the customers. The execution of this engineering would also assist the organizations and enterprises in attaining co mpetitive advantage (Mukhopadhyay, 2011 Seghal, 2011). The run chain entails operations of the inner supply chain, a system of the upstream supplier along with system of downstream distribution. Supply chain also involves the logistic operations which smoothences the progress of the substantial material flow starting from the producer of the raw materials to its manufacturers and in conclusion to the end customers (World Scientific Books, 2011 Bibiano & Et. Al., 2007). The inner supply chain of an organization or a manufacturing enterprise engages sourcing of resources, manufacturing and then distributing the manufactured products. Sourcing of resources or procuring with regard to a manufacturing firm means the

Poverty and Pollution Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty and Pollution Case aim - Assignment ExampleOf course, the implications come with some benefits of economic prosperity at the expense of citizens health and using up in their future. It is the price they get to pay for the benefits of harmful investment in their countries. This document discuses human remediate to a clean and safe environment, justifies the moral obligations of developed countries towards third base world countries for their incurred costs, and finally, recommends civil liability and taxations as pollution standards that are fair for global enforcement. Keywords Pollution, Environmental Degradation, Third World Countries, First World Countries, thrift and Development, Pollution Control, Industrialization, Investment, Cities, Production, Costs, Price, Business, Regulations Pollution can be categorized differently depending on its cause and impact in the societies. It has become a key sensitive area not only at the national level, plainly at a global gover nance level, with too many policies being enforced from the industrialized nations to the third world countries. Effectively, environmental law is a measure expected to preserve the environmental pure conditions by preventing further degradation. However, its application is being interpreted seriously in industrialized nations unlike in ontogeny nations, who still feel that they need the opportunity to grow, before they apply the law effectively at a pace the industrialized nations have set in their nations. Air and water pollution have taken the lead in bringing serious mass destruction.

Management accounting case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management method of accounting - Case Study ExampleThe table in Exhibit 1.5 provides this information. Exhibit 1.5 Calculation of the Profitability of individually(prenominal) Cost Object Description Cost Objects accounting Economics Law revenue enhancement 450,000 320,000 525,000 Expenses 205,132 149,704 192,164 Profit 244,868 170,296 332,836 part 54.42% 53.22% 63.40% Exhibit 1.5 indicates that Law is the most profitable business with a percentage profit of 63.4% followed by Accounting with 54.42% and Economics the least profitable with 53.22%. The difference is profitability among the three courses can be attributed to the differences in the fees charged per EFTSL and the amount of government grant received per EFTSL. The student fee per EFTSL is highest for the Law course and lowest for the economic science course. In fact, the student fee for the Law course is $6,000 or 67% more than the economics course and $5,000 or 50% more than the Accounting course. The government grant per EFTSL for the Economics course is $1,000 or 40% higher than the Accounting course and $1,000 or 17% more than the Law course. In total the Revenue per EFTSL for the Law course is $6,000 or 40% more than that for Accounting and 31% more than that for Economics. ... It is described as a complex and comprehensive process which requires careful and systematic analysis to determine different damage pools and activities that relate to them. This makes the implementation of an ABC system a genuinely costly and time consuming exemplar (Estrin at al 1994). According to Horngren et al (2011) ABC is one of the best tools available for improving a costing system. Some of the reasons given include the following. i. ABC emphasises individual activities as main cost objects each activity having a specific purpose while traditional costing systems do not (Horngren et al 2011) ii. ABC calculates the cost relating to each activity and assigns costs on the basis of the activity which led to the employment of the service or product and this leads to higher take aims of accuracy when compared to traditional methods like absorption costing (Horngren et al 2011) iii. ABC systems facilitate more favourable pricing and product-mix decisions (Horngren et al 2011) iv. ABC enables decisions relating to cost control by providing information that facilitates process improvement and product design (Horngren et al 2011) v. Studies have found that some level of success is achieved when ABC is implemented which leads to improvements in both manufacturing and business performance (Fei and Isa 2011) vi. ABC provides results that are very different from those generated from less costly methods. However, the information provided can lead to major decisions that impact profitability and new(prenominal) important aspects of the business on which it depends (Estrin et al 1994). Motivations for disagreement The motivations that the Accounting Professor has

Effects on the Only Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Term Paper

Effects on the further Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Healthy Bond - Term newspaper publisher ExampleThe personality characteristics of an only pip-squeak argon not perceived too positively by people generally. It is pre-supposed that they are children who are mostly spoiled brats. In China, nonpareil child is encouraged to bring forth d throw population growth. These little ones are called little emperors and are considered to be spoilt brats world over. fit in to Falbo, research on work in this area indicates otherwise. According to research conducted by him an only child tends to be more achieving, motivated and successful. However in a mix family and in social circuits the problems that trot up are signifi posteriortly different. (Meyer) First of all, lets throw some insight into the concept of a blended family. A blended family is one in which there is a child included from the previous form in the family that was created by a new marriage. In other word s only one child from the previous relationship can construe a blended family. If one is to put forth an dependable account then humans have a natural inclination that indices them to favor their own children. These children jazz the bonus by virtue of conception. The blended family presents one with a very complex and difficult contest to deal with. It is the challenge to honor, take care of and protect the only child in the blended family. It is to act them as equals without letting the children of the spouse gets effected. There are a lot of ways in which a healthy bond can be developed in a blended family. A major disadvantage of favoring ones own child while against a step child is the kind of adverse impacts such favoritism has on the psychology of the step child. It ends up bringing down the self-importance esteem of the step child. Children are too naive to be able to beneathstand the natural and can-do bonding of the child with his biological parent. They bequeath n ot be able to rationalize any differential treatment in this regard. They would extremity to be treated with just as much love, affection and care. They would want to be respected henceforth as hearty. Anything less would not go down well with them and they will feel less important and less loved. So in a blended family, parents have to be cautious in nurturing a healthy bond with both the step child as well as the only child. While its only fair, to have that special bond with ones own child, the parent must figure out ways to develop his/her bond with the step child. This can be easy because no two people are the same. Similarly no two children are alike too. If one wants to, they can find ways to make both children special in their own rights. Once when enters into a marriage with someone who already has a child, there is given understanding that one will the child as if it was his/her own. If the child is not given equal treatment as the stepparents child, it will end up havi ng a lasting impact on the childs energy to gel well with other people. He is expected to suffer from an identity crisis, will struggle ontogeny a healthy self identity and would not be able to lead a aliveness which is free of all kinds of emotional clutter. (Blended famiy focus) If ones bias towards their only child, then this can gamble the marriage to and can have a severe impact on ones relationship with the spouse and ultimately put the marriage on the rocks. No spouse would want to live under the belief that the care of their child has been

Liquidity Effects in Corporate Bond Spreads Summary Essay

Liquidity Effects in Corporate Bond Spreads Summary - Essay ExampleHowever, practical separation of the two fundamental factors is indescribable.Separation of the two fundamental factors during measuring stick stick of credit spreads and inherent risks associated with corporeal bonds is domineering in understanding individual contributions amongst the two. However, comprehensive understanding of liquidity effects within a specified bond pairs traded by a firm on a given day assists in examining their spreads or yields. Liquidity proxies define the most effective technique of measuring liquidity effects and bodied bond spreads on a given pair of bonds from the same firm. However, liquidity proxies have significant faults in determining the inherent effects requiring addition of clarifying power by incorporating other firms bonds. Matching bonds issued by the same firm helps in subduing credit risks and elaborating existing variation within bond spreads.Since liquidity proxies ela borates peculiar(a) inherent variations in corporate spreads, it is essential to incorporate the aforementioned descriptive power through linking measurement to prices of other bonds within the diverse market. Unreliability of liquidity proxies in providing spreads associated with corporate bonds prompts for further explanation and affirms that measuring bond spreads with liquidity proxies is inherently

The United Nations And the European Union Essay

The unify Nations And the European Union - Essay ExampleThis essay declares that the efficiency of EUs counter- curseism trading operations is withal highly questionable. Generally, the EU doesnt support the US concept of a war on terror and tends to criticize the US approach as highly military driven and overactive. The EU has adopted cheeselike approach of sanctions and political pressure. The European governments are highly worried about the consequence of their anti-terrorism policies on their Muslim population which constitutes around 16 to 21 million of overall EUs population.This paper makes a conclusion that both the UN and EU have played a important role in peacekeeping operation operations on a spheric and regional level. The end of cold war is marked as the transformation period for both the organizations in terms of their peacekeeping operations and foreign policies. The emergence of global terrorism, growing intrastate conflicts, rising nuclear proliferation, tran sformation of global political system from unipolarity to multipolarity in upstart years, globalization, and growing economic inequality are some of the major common pressures which triggered developments in both the institutions. scorn radical reformation, the UN and EU possess significant deficiencies in their structure and flaws in their policies. The effectiveness of their peacekeeping operations is rather limited. In order to preserve collective security and global peace, it is necessary for both these crucial organizations to reform their policies and adopt effective measures to conquer present flaws in their functional framework.

Management portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management portfolio - Research motif ExampleMicrosoft is a leader in their field, and the role of Sr. QBE broadcast Manager would provide me the hazard to see the rewards of my hard work.A section of Microsofts value statement is We take on abundant challenges, and pride ourselves on seeing them through. We hold ourselves accountable to our customers, shareholders, partners, and employees by honoring our commitments, providing results, and striving for the highest quality. (Values, 2010). This focus on constant improvement is one reason why I would enjoy the Program Manager role. Linkedin.com (2010) mentions that the exclusive in that role will drive continuous improvement through Microsoft processes worldwide (LinkedIn, 2010). In addition, the Program manager will use best practices techniques in leading and mentoring others on the team in their projects (LinkedIn, 2010). being able to lead and teach others techniques that I mastered through time and effort would be a rewardin g experience.The type of positive environment at Microsoft can be seen from their formal global transition and cellular inclusion strategy for the future (A Vision and Strategy for the Future, 2010). Three hubs of the strategy are (1) representation (2) inclusion and (3) innovation. The part that I found in particular appealing was the inclusion strategy. In this, the company wants to ensnarl their employees in meaningful careers and encourage employees to focus on social networking, cultural awareness, conjunction service, heritage celebrations, and career development (A Vision and Strategy for the Future, 2010). The company appears to realize the importance of each of these items for employee development and wishes to assist the community and their employees.Cynthia Solomon was a previous Microsoft employee and mentioned that the Sr. Program Manager is responsible for project oversight from the start until it is utilize (Jimenez, 2002). In

Scientific experiment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Scientific taste - Assignment ExampleThe experiment focused on the evidences which are considered to be the products released and consumed during the respiration process. I investigated the effect the high concentration of atomic number 8 can have on the inwardness of heat released and as well the amount of carbon paper dioxide that could be released. This was also in conjunction with the rapid at which the carbon dioxide was being released. The results of this experiment showed that with an increase in group O concentration, there is a rapid increase in the heat energy released and also the amount of carbon dioxide released. The test for carbon dioxide was lime water which turned white on the passage of carbon dioxide. The amount of energy released could be told by the temperature on the bottle (Lambers, 2005)Introduction Energy is the most fundamental operate factor to both the plants and animals. Almost all processes in the bodies of the organisms are initiated and run by e nergy. These processes range from reproduction, locomotion, fertilization, reaping and development. This calls on scientist like me and others in general to clearly show the factors which contribute to the respiration in organisms. It is of ticker to note that the experiment went further to give details on the essential elements required in the respiration. Here, it was plunge out that oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration. Again, glucose or some substrates like starch must be present for respiration to take place. Carbon dioxide was released this was to confirm that it is of less essence for animal though in plants its used from the process of photosynthesis.Some environmental factors such as high temperatures and humidity demand the rate of respiration. In a very cold environment, there are fewer activities experienced by the

Crime and Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

villainy and Theory - Essay ExamplePolicy bureaucrats and advocates have paid a lot of concentration and allocated the virtually funds to the domestic violence form of couple violence. But there is beginning to be many interest amongst the public bureaucrats and community leaders in sustaining approaches that deal with couple booking in most(prenominal) of the shells. These include couples and marriage education programs that teach engaged and married couples a way of communication and conflict declaration skills in order to reinforce their relationship, evade unhelpful forms of conflict that may lead to fall apart and support less unfriendly co-pargonnting after divorce. in that location are various types of domestic violence, few of them are mentioned below. (Richard L. Davis., 1998).Sexual ab intent is distinct as the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person to other. thither are different kinds of sexual abuse which involves non-consensual, forced physical sexual d eeds such as rape or sexual attack, psychological types of abuse such as oral sexual behavior, the use of a position of trust for sexual reasons and incest, when it is derived by force or stirred up treatment the euphemism is at times used to illustrate such abuse. Psychological Abuse Psychological abuse or emotional abuse is a type of abuse that is characterized by a person subjecting or revealing another to behavior that is psychologically dangerous.Psychological abuse is the obstinate infliction of mental or emotional unworthy by threat, shame or other verbal or nonverbal behavior. It is frequently linked with fate of power inequity, such maybe as the conditions of abusive relationships and child abuse. However, it advise also take set up on larger ranges, for example, Group psychological abuse, racial domination and prejudice. A more gentle case might be that of place of work abuse. Workplace abuse is a large cause of oeuvre interrelated strain, which consecutively is a t ough cause of illness, both physical and mental. When a child is emotionally abused, some may not even identify it and make it seem like daily behavior. In fact, it can have severe long term effects on the child at hand. There need not be an activist for psychological abuse to take place one can experience self-abuse, as in the case of someone who is a depressive, or self-mutilation. In any chance in which the frequent and severe impact of a situation influences a persons emotional and rational thinking, in such a way that can adversely affect their lives later on. Stalking Stalking operator repeating physical harassment to a person over an extended period. Laws vary between jurisdictions save may include such acts as repeated physical following, unwanted contact, observing a persons actions nigh for an extended period of time, make a contact with family members, friends, or associates inappropriately and cyber stalking. Stalking can also consist of seeking and getting hold of t he persons personal information in order to contact them, for example, intrusive for their details on computers, electoral rolls, personal files and other stuff with the persons

Gender and Politeness in an ESL Language Academic Context Research Paper

Gender and Politeness in an ESL Language faculty member Context - Research Paper ExamplePoliteness made by non- primaeval English speakers varies depending on the language background of an individual. This may be studied through ranking and contextualizing conditions. The use of semantic features is key in this analysis in the theoretical literature. There exists a correlation between native English speakers and non-natives. When it comes to politeness there is an evident perception of the high level of politeness among non-native speakers than native speakers. This is an indication of oversensitivity to semantic property forms. The hierarchy of politeness indicates that there should be contrastive grammatical patterns emphasis when handling natives and non-natives in an educational environment (Leavell & Hong-Nam 2006). There are cultural values that still implicit in a radical of non-native authors. Through a review of four principles of and practices, the individualism of the non-native authors may be determined in term of voice, critical thinking and peer reviews of the texts. A comparison of the findings made with those of native indicates a variation in politeness. The cultural approaches adopted by non-native speakers may non comport with the principles and practices in different ways. The cross-cultural physical report research rationale leads to self-knowledge of non- native speakers. In writings make by non-native speakers, there are a great deal inappropriate elements evident in the pieces of writing according to judgments made by teachers or lecturers who are native speakers. An analysis of essays written by non-native speakers supports the view that the aspect of politeness dominates among non-native speakers. The choice of words with unintended results does not depict rationality for readers. The advancement of factual claims in linguistics within the word sentence and beyond indicates politeness. Through a study that involves investiga tions on interaction styles, videotaped compositions for non-English native speakers was conducted. This was do for consecutive weeks and the individual videotaped were met for interviews. This was done for Chinese and Spanish speaking students for comparison. A recursive examination of the patterns and themes in the language command and characteristics for the students was done (Atkinson & Ramanathan 1999). The Chinese scripts reflected a social goal while in maintaining harmony in the group. This included a high level of politeness in the group. The Chinese students always appear to be reluctant in initiating comments. At any point they made comments they appeared to be careful about making mistakes in their composition and speech. The monitoring of self-led to the evasion of criticism from peers who are native speakers. They also appeared to avoid disagreement with comments made by peers in the writing. The reason behind the position taken by non- native speakers is the lack of confidence among the students compared to different students who are native speakers. The Chinese students opt to use polite words for acceptance among peers. The language development strategy applied by students who are not English native speakers include the application of different linguistic backgrounds and culture. The key consideration is the interpersonal communication skills that encompass knowledge in cognitive faculty member language proficiency. There are differences applied across gender and nationality in becoming proficient in English. According to Snow, Met, & Genesee (2012), the use of metacognitive strategies and memory strategies aids in the learning process.

Gaining or Losing Power Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gaining or Losing Power Paper - Essay ExampleWeiner, a native of impudent York City and former new-fangled York City Council member, has been famous for his straight-forward liberal views and his fiery speeches on the floor of the US House of Representatives (BBC mods, 2011). Weiner was forced to resign due to his ignominious online flirtations. After losing political power, Weiner is planning to return impale in politics through his wife, Abedin who has been instrumental by supporting Weiner in amassing funds and participating in public events. Weiner knows that winds are non blowing politically in his favor, as months ago he spoke to turn on and Hillary Clinton, who have not sustained any candidate in the mayoral race. As he said, I have given wide berth to my colleagues in public life because I know I have a lot to prove to them (Bacon, 2013). Weiner is the perfect example of how public leaders gain and fall asleep power in public policy environment. Factors such as commu nication, leadership, constituents, and organization played a epoch-making role in his gaining and losing power. Weiners candidature for the rank of New York mayor was risked through his extra-marital sexting but the newsworthiness that he might be playing a role in Hillary Rodham Clintons 2016 presidential election, if it happens (Bacon, 2013). It exactly indicates that political power and those who become instrumental for their party leaders in gaining that political power some(prenominal) ethical irregularities they commit are ignored by their leaders and the masses after an interval of time. Weiers wife, Huma Abedin, is sure that future political prospects are going to brighten up for Weiner. It shows that various political ranks equivalent that of Weiner play a significant role as constituents of both losing and gaining power. Weiner (Bacon, 2013) has been forthcoming in accepting his scandalous actions publically for hurting his wifes political career growth for getting d istanced for her insider role with Clinton. This physical body of communication is going to help Weiner in the long run, as people start viewing the unethical traits of their leaders from human perspective by not awarding lifelong punishment to them and welcoming them spikelet in the leading political environment. Weiners own political dignity as US interpreter was endangered when it was revealed that he sent underpants photo, compelling him to publically apologize to his family and his voters although he remained adamant on not submitting his resignation over this revelation. His public acceptance through a news conference, telling that he was profoundly ashamed of my terrible judgment, could possibly break the ice for his political ambitions if it is revealed that he might be diligent for launching a campaign in favor of Hillary Rodham Clinton in 2016 presidential election or on that point is a possibility that that such falsified communication from Weiner and his wifes side could bring him and his wife back in the public limelight, giving the expression that his mistakes of the past have been forgotten, letting him to start afresh. It could be a communication tactic as well because until this news is confirmed by Clinton herself, nothing can be said for sure (BBC News, 2011). There has been a history of political figures committing blasphemy but with a hunky-dory line differentiating their return back, as in the case of Bill Clinton, the US president who survived in point amidst his affair with Monica Lewinsky. And that fine line creating the difference and letting Clinton not lose power has been Clintons remark, stating I did not have sexual relations with that woman (BBC News, 2011). Others who had to lose power include Eliot Spitzer, Governor of New York, who has been a regular visitor of prostitutes from the Emperors Club VIP agency and had to resign in March 2008 Chris Lee, New York

Oil, Islam and Authoritarianism Critical Review Paper Essay

Oil, Islam and Authoritarianism Critical bugger off off Paper - Essay ExampleKathleen Collins shows in her report how the current state of affairs has come about by reviewing some of the history behind not only the Afghan and Iraqi nations, still how Russias (formerly the U.S.S.R.) former domination and its subsequent downfall has shaped how we operate with the Middle tocopherolern nations. offset with Russia and its five republics of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan, we can see the changes that occurred when the U.S.S. R. lost power and its domination over much of its territories. While it was intellection that Democracy might perhaps take a front place to the new government establishments, thither was a turn instead for the majority to a renewal of authoritarianism and a strong Islamic clan influence by clans. Only Kyrgyzstan seemed able to move to a Democratic structure, especially through 1991 to 1995. However, by 2000, democracy was only a former shadow of itself and would finally revert back to a government of authoritarianism. What remained throughout was the clan structure in many of these countries and this would be something of a thorn in the governments side because loyalties and subsequent benefits of sticking together, sometimes clashed with what the government had in mind in foothold of governance of the people (Collins, 2009). We can see these same issues in the Islamic countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and others in the ara who also mention oneself to have a handle on the oil provide of the world. It is difficult to plough effectively with countries when there atomic number 18 so many factions with different ideas, mainly because they are made up of clans. That, combined with the Islamic religion, has created many problems and wars, large and small. Brzezinski, in his book, The Grand Chessboard, does not finish the clans so much as Collins does, yet he makes many of the same observation s she does in terms of the authoritarianism of Middle Eastern nations and the effect of Russias loss of dominance over Eurasia and its own republics. In the midst of perceived chaos and lack of government stability for many nations in the Middle East after Russias downfall, what we see most often now is the surge of Islamic solidarity. We are perceive this in Egypts effort to build a new government right now. The Islamic marriage has gained a majority in power, and while due western nations had originally thought Democracy would take hold, proficient the opposite has happened. Collins observations are relatively accurate but as we can also realize, events happen very quickly these days and while she looks at the hope that Afghanistan will settle down and find a certain peace, even today we are witnessing disturbance and chaos erupting once more, this time against the Americans and the West (Collins, 2009). Most events in the Middle East today, are shaped mainly by two factors, w hich work hand in hand to affect what happens everywhere else. Oil is one of the main prizes and the nations, who are the biggest producers, are also Islamic. All but one percent of crude oil is based in Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The breakdown, as of the year 2000, is Saudi Arabia with 26 percent, Iraq with 10 percent, Kuwait with 9 percent, UAE with 7 percent, and Iran with 6 percent. Russia and Venezuela have 6 percent, Mexico has 5 percent and the United States only has 2 percent (Salter, et al. 2000).

Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heart Failure - Essay Examplees the fact that as a affection, soreness reverse claims more peoples life than the diseases like AIDS and cancer combined and by 2020, heart disease will be the principal grounds of death any(prenominal) over the world. (The Hearth foundation, 2014)Heart failure is a medical condition categorized by concluded perfusion insufficient to encounter bodys metabolic strains as a result of reduced cardiac pump task. The member of heart failure can be split into systolic or diastolic heart failure. In case of systolic heart failure, there is reduced cardiac contractility and in diastolic heart failure there is reduced cardiac lessening along with abnormal ventricular filling to go with it. (Hobbs & Boyle, 2010)The indications of heart failure can differ from person to person. The key signs are breathlessness, great tiredness, and ankle enlargement, which may blossom out up the legs. All these are the main or the basic symptoms associated with heart fail ure, apart from above mentioned ones, genuine other indicators are a persistent cough, lack of appetite, profuse and sudden weight loss and tachycardia which is in common term known as rapid heart rate. (NHS, nd)Circumstances that harm or choke off the heart muscle can be the cause of heart failure. Over the time, as the age of any individual increases the heart weakens. It used to lose its ability to fill with and/or propel family as well as it used to do earlier. As the condition of heart started to weaken, certain proteins and substances are released into the blood. These materials catch a lethal consequence on the heart as well as in the blood flow, and this resultant into heart failure. The common cause of heart disease are Coronary heart disease (CHD) High Blood Pressure, presence of diabetes etc. If proper care can be given to encounter the treatment of these entire then one can prevent or reduce the chances of heart attack. CHD is a disorder in which a Plaque used to de velop inside the coronary arteries which acts as a source

Methodology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methodology - Dissertation ExampleI allow for use the gatekeeping theory from flowerpot communication in this dissertation. The news, articles and editorials make knowned during the period of February 14 till March 16, 2011 in the above 2 Saudi news papers will be searched out, read and analyzed to see how the Bahrain news was handled by the Saudi press. Thorough interviews will be conducted with the news handlers at each of the newspapers, with pertinent questions including the criteria for selecting the news, the sources from which they collect it, what mannikin of news they prefer to publish and whether or not the selection criteria have changed everywhere the years.It will be important to evidence whether outside influences, such as the government, alter the decision of whether or not to publish certain news items such as the Bahrain protest. These two newspapers will be compargond against each other, making it easier to establish how appropriate the reported news is. All of the contents in the selected newspapers will be compared with those of the print media, electronic media or some(prenominal). This process will help in checking the relevance of the news media in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, both of the newspapers operations will be investigated from the starting point to the finished product, as it is important to know on the button what happens to the raw data obtained by the news gatherers before it is finally published as a ensnare of information for readers. These observations will focus on each procedure undertaken in order to modify the news, from identifying the captain source from which the news was obtained to how the news is presented to its readers. Finally, the factors that influence whether a piece of news is published or not must be highlighted. Working through this methodology will make it easier to see how the news is make in Saudi Arabia, and whether any fabrication exists. It will also provide insights into whether the news selection criteria has changed over the years, and if being a Muslim country changes the views of those responsible for selecting news and presenting it to readers. In addition, the problematic areas will be highlighted to enable the presentation of suitable and practical solutions. It will be important to identify the kinds of problems that can be addressed, and those that cannot be eradicated from the news selection procedure. In short, two research methodologies will be used in the study namely, interviews with the Saudi media journalists and the content analysis of the Saudi press that will include Alriyadh and Alyoum newspapers. Moreover, the theory of gatekeeping will be adopted as an analytical approach to study this process. 1.1. Interview Procedure Questions were developed in order to acquire a critical analysis, from the participants, of the coverage of the Bahrain events by the Saudi press. The questions were formulated with the objective to puddle on the participants ob servation of the major Saudi institutions from politics, police, military and press. The important questions to be asked in the interview are provided below 1. Please, rate the job done by the Saudi Press in covering the Bahraini events, particularly at the time of occurrence of the conflict? (Please select only one) (a) Excellent ---------( ) (b) Good ------------- ( ) (c) plumb --------------- ( ) (d) Not good ---------( ) 2. Please, justify your above selection 3. Which media in Saudi

Summary the article The Power to see ourselves by Paul J. Brower

Summary the The Power to see ourselves by Paul J. Brower - Article ExampleThe solely thing professional managers can do to new managers is to help them trust in themselves and understand their sustain situation.Self-concept has an extensive impact on individual perception and abilities. The author has as well equated self-concept with a slobber that screens and eliminates things that people do not want to hear or see and pass on those things that atomic number 18 favorable to individuals public image. Self-concept also offers eccentric flavor to individual behavior. A office staff from its significance in understanding the general human behavior, self concept is exceptionally vital in explaining manager development, especially in the situation where the behavioral potpourri is objective.Referring to Browers observation, professional behavioral modification is in most cases used to explain individual change in self-concept. The term self-concept deals with immediate and immerses changes in managers behaviors. As stated by Brower, an individual behavioral change is in most cases influenced by nonpareils past experiences and age. As people grow, they achieve new experiences and learn new things that are bodied in their perceptive mass. This change alters individual perception on emerging issues and happenings. As a result, Brower observes change in managers behavior as a constant process in their career development (Brower,

Philosophy Trinity Essay Example for Free

doctrine Trinity EssayMany philosophers have addressed and questi unrivalledd the subject regarding the ace and tierce of perfection. Yahya Ibn Adi was a philosopher and a Monophysite scholar of the Arab Classical Period who has firmly given treatises of his own interpretation on this subject. This has caused manygfjkfgmngcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccb scholars and new(prenominal) philosophers to critique his understandings and express their own viewpoints of Yahyah Ibn Adis philosophy on the atomic number 53 and trinity of God. Emilio Platti in his phrase Yahya B.Adi And His Refutation Of Al-Warraqs Treatise On The Trinity In Relation To His Other Works and Sidney H. Griffith in her article Commending Virtue And A Humane Polity In 10th Century Baghdad The Vision of Yahya Ibn Adi ar two scholars who explored Yahyas refutations. In their articles they discuss b a good indication to what Yahyas notion was on the subject of unity of God. Many philosophers challenged his standpoints on the unity as well as the trinity resulting in Yahya to refute the situation. Two philosophers in particular who attributed Yahyas treatises were Al-Kindi and and Al-Warraq.One of Al-Kindis reasoning for attributing Yahyas treatise on the unity and trinity of vb the unity of God. Griffith explains how Yahya firmly asserts that God is said to be unrivaled in number in interview to his substance, while in reference to his quibble or whatness, which, according to Yahya, is fundamentally described as macrocosm generous/good, fresh, and powereful, he is cardinal4 In pro instalment with Griffiths article, Emilio Pratti critiques how Yahya refutes to Al-Kindis attribution on treatise on the unity.Pratti believed that To al Kindi, he underlies that the Christians say on the wholeness hand, that the Creator is one, and that his quiddity is one, but they also say, on the other hand, that He is three, as far as He is good, wise and powerful.. 5 Pratti stresses that t his is not a contradiction because we sess use one in the sense of one in subject and many in definition. In Prattis conclusion, he raises the questions b in different ways, based on what the Scriptures are saying to them?Why should God not be present in a human being, as we understand it from the Gospels? Pratti closes his aim insisting that thither is no indication that this would be impossible, he believes there are many indications that God can sure enough see himself as such Emilio Plattis argued that when it came to Yahyas refutations, he found his ideas to be offered in an uncoordinated and sometimes contradictory way. Platti also scolds how certain arguments by Yahya Ibn Adis may be given in a particular reply.In regards to how Yahya Ibn Adi responds to those who challenge his treatise, Pratti states that most of his apologetical works are written in the model of a rebuttal he quotes, most probably in extensor, an already existing refutation of the Christians by a Mus lim-or a refutation of the Jacobites by a Nesotrian and replies paragraph by paragraph (173) Pratti argues that this way of responding has several(prenominal) consequences. vcghaks about how Yahya replies to the philosopher Al-Kindis treatise on the unity.To al Kindi, he underlies that the Christians say on the one hand, that the Creator is one, and that his quiddity is one, but they also say, on the other hand, that He is three, as far as He is good, wise and powerful.. Pratti asserts that this is not a contradiction for we Pratti raises the questions Why should God not reveal Himself under the three aspects of his hypostases, designated by the Christians in different ways, based on what the Scriptures are saying to them? Why should God not be present in a human being, as we understand it from the Gospels? Pratti concludes that there is no indication that this would be impossible, he believes there are many indications that God can certainly expose himself as such. Sidney H. Griff ith discusses how Yahya refutes back to Al-KindiGriffith says yahya ibn adis habit of quoting large portions of the texts of those with whose ideas he disagrees in his refutations of them that a significant portion of the lost work of an important comparative religionist in the early Islamic period, Abu Isa al-Warraq has survived, allowing a modern editor program to bring out an edition of what he considers to be the major part of Abu Isas anti-Christian work.Griffith describes Yahya Ibn Adis unity of God to be.. Griffith describes how Yahyah Ibn Adi wrote a handful of apologetic texts of his own in the Kalam style defending the doctrine of Trinity. Griffith describes . yahya argues Al-Kindi challenged Yahyah Ibn Adis treatise as well. Yahyas rebuttle was that given the Muslim philosophers own description of God as concurrently God as one and as substance, al-Kindi too faced a perspicuous systemal conundrum involving the notions of one and three.(89) Yahya further claims that Al-K indi misused technical terms When it came to Yahyas discussion of the Christian doctrinal formulae, he found that Al-Kindi misinterpreted and misused technical terms that were comprised in it. Yahya also clarifies that God is said to be one in number in reference to his substance.Griffith goes forth to say that Yahya goes to considerable lengths to dispose of what he considers to be logically faulty definitions of the one. Yahya describes God of having three attributes which are goodness/generosity, wisdom, and power. When Yahya responds to other philosophers gainsay his treatise, he speaks of the three divine attributes One philosopher in particular who challenged Yahyas philosophy on the unity and trinity of God was al-Kindi.Al-Kindis reasoning for this was that he wanted to challenge Christians for the unreasonableness of their al-talit on the foundation of logic and philosophy, and more specifically on the grounds that their Trinitarian confession necessarlily involved the repu lsive idea of introducing composition (al-tarkib) into the God head To sum up Al-Kindis response, he believed that the God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit were not eternal.Griffith then describes Yahyas reaction to this by stating that Yahya argues that given the Muslim philosophers own description of God as at the same time God as one and as substance, al Kindi too faced a logical conundrum involving the notions of one and three. Griffith also affirms that Yahya further found that al-Kindi misinterpreted and misused technical terms that were comprised in his argument about the unity of God.Griffith explains that Yahya asserts that God is said to be one in number in reference to his substance, while in reference to his quiddity or whatness, which, according to Yahya, is essentially described as being generous/good, wise, and powereful, he is three This paper pass on demonstrate how two critics have create and expressed their own understandings of Yahyas treatise on unity and trinit y of God. How yahya responds to other scholars attributes on his treatise.Many philosophers challenged Yahya Ibn Adi on his treatise on the unity and trinity of God. In Emilio Plattis article, he critques how Yahya refutes to others about their attributions to his own works. This paper will demonstrate how two critics have formed and expressed their own understandings of Yahyas treatise on unity and trinity of God. How yahya responds to other scholars attributes on his treatise. Many philosophers challenged Yahya Ibn Adi on his treatise on the unity and trinity of God.In Emilio Plattis article, he critques how Yahya refutes to others about their attributions to his own works. In conclusion, it is evident that there are many ways to interpret Yahya Ibn Adis treatises on the unity and trinity of God. There are also numerous ways one can interpret how Yahya refuted back to his own critiques. Griffith and Pratti are two critics who certainly had similar interpretations of Yahyas refutat ions.

Analyse Conan Doyles The Hound of the Baskervilles Essay Example for Free

crumble Conan Doyles The Hound of the Baskervilles EssayThese two findings are very important as they generate the reader with appalling information. This is because we discover that Mr and Mrs Stapleton are actually husband and wife. Even more we realise that Mr and Mrs Stapleton are actually the Vandeleurs. As a result of this great deception the finger points to Mr and Mrs Stapleton as being the murderers. This information is the most spanking information which will help to solve the mystery. There are points in the novel where events simply provide Watson and Holmes with information. The events which provide information are almost always false leads which create a sense of scruple as to who is the criminal. Go back to London Start tonight Hush my brother is coming chapter 7 This quote is verbalise by Miss. Stapleton to Dr. Watson as she mistakes him for Sir Henry. This prompts Watson to investigate further into the Stapletons as it is very mysterious as to why she woul d like Sir Henry to go back to London. This is because she doesnt want her brother Mr.Stapleton to find out that she has said this and when she discovers that she was actually talking to Watson she takes back her comment. This was actually a false lead as we discover in the later part of the investigation, which was put in by Conan Doyle so the reader is kept in disbelief as to whether she had a hand in the death of Sir Charles until the di nouement. Even though there is the interviewing of people in THOTB, they dont provide their own version of events of the crime. Dr. Mortimer is the only person who really provides Holmes with information of what he thought happened at the murder scene.Conan Doyle has used a different approach to the nature of the investigation because most of the information is equanimous behind the scenes or events provide information. By doing this Conan Doyle has made his novel unique and perhaps more raise than the typical investigation as there is a great er anticipation as to whom the killer could be. secret agent Holmes fits the profile of a classic researcher very well and this is evident in THOTB from the start of the novel. The detective is usually more or less socially isolated and referred to as a loner.We can chance upon this in THOTB from the fact that Holmes only socialises with Watson, but then one could argue that he only socialises with Watson because he enhances his intellect by comparison. Holmes does not have any family and the fact that he rests upon the moor for a long period of time suggests that he is used to being alone. I knew that seclusion and solitude were very necessity for my friend in these hours of intense mental concentration in which he weighed every particle of assure

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Applied Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay1) Why do you hark back Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? I stand for that Starbucks has been concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy because in the long thrash it affects the bottom line. By being socially responsible, the business is also showing that they apportion about to a greater extent than their profits. Caring about more(prenominal) than just profits allows for greater employee commitment, investor loyalty, as well as higher(prenominal) customer satisf mapion. Research has also shown that social responsibility and good business morality contributes to higher profits. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)2) Is Starbucks funny in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees? No, Starbucks is not unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits to its employees. Business ethics has become more important i n the business world and it has been found that if a company is dedicated to taking care of its employees, the more dedicated the employees will be. If an employee sees that the company is acting and treats them in an ethical manner, the employee is more likely to act in an ethical manner. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)3) Do you think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides products and an milieu that customers want? I think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because it has combined a product and environment that people want with great business ethics and social responsibility. This combination has allowed the company to expand exponentially during a good economy and maintain in a bad economy. By being socially responsible and treating their employees right, the company has less of a turnover rate and in the long put out has been able to avoid large layoffs and shutting down a large amount of stores. (F errell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)4) In what otherwise ways does this case relate to the concepts that we put one across learned in the chapters so far? This first chapter has shown that ethics is a big part of business. It can basically make or break a company. In the case of Starbucks, it has made them. They have based their business around social responsibility and ethics and have been able to maintain in an economy that has tanked because they treat their employees and customers right. According to our textbook, being ethical pays off with repair employee performance, and higher employee honesty and integrity. (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2013)BibliographyFerrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2013). The Importance of Business Ethics. In O. C. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, L. Ferrell, Business Ethics Ethical Decision make and Cases (pp. 17-22). Mason South-Westen.

Dowry System Essay Example for Free

circumstances System EssayDowry System is a common social problem. its calumniatory for our society. now we leave behind read a paragraph about Dowry System. lets go for read Dowry System paragraph. Dowry is the money or property that is demanded by the bridegroom when he marries a bride. The organization of dowry has now be grapple a curse to the society. The torture upon the women by men is a real common sight of today. Sometimes the women become a victim of loss of life as a result of the torture by their husbands. The main suit of dowry is negative attitude of the p arnts of the bridegroom and the escape of education of the bride.The bridegroom takes dowry and the womenfolk become victims of dowry. The dowry system affects the whole society. The p bents of the bride sell properties and become poor to fulfill the demand of the bridegroom. Sometimes they spatenot keep their word they flop before getting their daughters marrying. On the another(prenominal) hand, the b ridegroom gets huge property without any efforts. I have the social voice. This social curse suffer be eliminated by making womenfolk improve and self-dependent. The menfolk also should be assumption proper education to switch their attitude. Gender discriminationGender discrimination means to create difference between men and women. peculiarly in the third universe countries women is considered inferior to men. In spite of their having merits and capabilities, they ar not given what they deserve. They are working in the family and out side the family, but their contribution is not seen with due honour. There are various reasons why women are not given qualified rights. Firstly most of the people of our arena are not educated. They fail to see the potentialities of the women and the contribution they have made in different sectors of our life.They think, as women are physically weaker than men, they will not be able to perform many duties that men can do and hence they mus t be dominated by men. Secondly people of our country are superstitious. They do not know their religion properly. In religion men and women have been given equal position. But in the name of religion they try to dominate over women and do not give opportunity to flourish. Female children are the worse sufferers. Even their birth is not received warm heartedly where at the birth of male children they distribute sweets to express their happiness.The female children are considered burden of the family. They are not given equal food, equal opportunity for education. They become objects of negligence and victims of social injustice. This is a great problem which is to be solved. If our people are educated and given proper knowledge of religion they will understand the take account of woman and can learn about the contribution they are making. If our female children are groomed up properly they will be able to carry any responsibility bestowed upon them and our society will call d decl are very quickly.Illiteracy has been the bane of independent India. It is a shame to note that, the country that gave Epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata to the world should, in the 21st Century turn out to be one among the most illiterate countries of the world. How this has come to be is of course not far to seek. Even in the understanding of a layman, it is clear that India has dwelled so very illiterate because it has, for centuries been slave to someone or the other.The rulers, whoever they may have been never wanted the Indians to be educated as, an educated mass of men would be difficult to reign, and so they never wanted them to stomach their heads, and so, kept them away from the light of education. So much of course can be understood but, the disconsolate story of the Indian people is that even their own rulers, the Indians had no different attitude, they also wanted the Indians to remain mostly illiterate for much the same reason as the foreigners had wished.J ust like the foreign rulers the Indian rulers also thought that an educated public may not be so easy to maneuver so they also followed the track laid by their predecessors. Besides this, if the masses remained uneducated, any kind of usage could be easily managed in the favour of the rulers. Thus, since the Indian rulers also wanted to keep the Indian masses away from the light of knowledge, the result is for all of us to see that, even later on fifty eld of independence, India is still lagging behind the world in its ratio of educated/literate and the illiterate.This goes without saying that, an educated gentry is far more difficult to handle and to satisfy than an uncouth educated lot. For this simple reason the Indian rulers kerned it fit to keep education a far off dream for the majority and the reach that the foreigners had established has been maintained by our Indian rulers for simple selfish reasons that are obvious. For this reason I discover that, the rate of literac y in India is no surprise. This has been the definite policy of the Indian rulers just to suit their vicious designs and their own inefficient policies.Illiterate masses can be led like sheep and goats very easily withal and wherever they are taken. They can be very easily aroused on any randy issues, they can be easily convinced into understanding and thinking as their rulers want them to. If the masses were to be educated it would not have been so easy for the politician to do what and how he wants to do on any issue. People would have to be convinced with genuine reasoning to the correctness of all that is being done or being planned. For this simple reason, even the dawn of the 21st, Century finds India listed among the countries with the lowest ratio of education.Now, after a little over fifty years, the Government has seen and understood the folly of such a debile policy of education. Now the Government is re-scheduling its literacy programmes and making a mark of the funda mental right of each nonmigratory of India to the right of education. If the masses had not been kept illiterate, they would have in so many years, raised a hue and cry about their right to education and the Governments of the past years would not have effect it all so very smooth sailing.However, at least now the Government has awakened to the position and need of correct education but, let us remember that the decades already lost cannot come linchpin or regained. For, to complete the task in hand and to manage the huge backlog makes the job instead cumbersome and time consuming besides being difficult to achieve. It is hoped that, if the direction taken is continued we will in the course of another decade be higher on the grade educated/literate countries.

Biological Personality Perspective by William Sheldon Essay Example for Free

Biological Personality Perspective by William Sheldon Essay match to William Sheldon, an American psychologist, spirit of persons and their temperaments ar developed according to the type of physical appearance the person has. Sheldon became to believe that there argon three fundamental elements that contributed to persons actual physique.He devoted his time trying to pose the relationship between ones physique and ones character and personality. The process he underwent is examining photographs of various people, of various cultures and of various body types. He examined photographs by front, back and side views and generated information which he believes could determine ones personality. After careful study, he generated the 3 body types which are endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.According to Sheldon, those persons with endomorphic body are those with soft bodies, underdeveloped muscles, round-shaped and over-developed digestive system. It is said that persons with th is type of body are usually tolerant, sociable, relaxed and has the need for affection. On the other hand, persons with mesomorphic body are those with hard, muscular body, overly jump on appearance and usually are in upright posture.Characteristics associated with the person with this type of body are existence adventurous, courageous, assertive, bold and has love for physical activities and risks. Persons with ectomorphic bodies are physically characterized by being thin, flat-chested, tall, lightly muscled and with beautiful built. Usually they are self-conscious, introvert, artistic and emotionally restrained.Dissociative DisorderReference www.mayoclinic.com/health/dissociative- swages/DS00574Dissociative disorder is a psychiatric condition in which the person chronically escape in involuntary, unhealthy shipway ranging from suppressing memories to assuming alternate identities. (Mayo Clinic, 2007).For a normal person, we tend to daydream when we watch movies, imagining we a re one of the characters and wonder the escape from reality for a short while and as the movie comes to an end we slowly remove back to reality. For a person with dissociative disorder, he gets totally lost in his imaginations and has difficulty snapping erupt from the situations running in his mind.Treatments of this mental disorder include psychotherapy, hypnosis and medications.

Value of tuition reimbursement and extra time in adult learning Essay Example for Free

Value of tuition reimbursement and extra time in self-aggrandising tuition EssayLearning is life. We continue to learn as long as we live. In todays complex adult male, we often find it necessary to update ourselves, to keep pace with in the buff developments. However learning new skills, organizing cognition, at times, does not come free. Often, acqui band such specialized knowledge is beyond an individuals means. To sustain the process of keeping oneself updated with newer skills and knowledge, financial support is called for. As such, it is key to provide reimbursement and make time in aid of enceinte Learning. The illiterate of the year 2000, volition not be the individual, who bednot read or write, unless the one who stubnot learn, unlearn and relearn. (Alvin Toffler). It is said that Education is an investment funds rather than a cost. In todays fast changing society, when technology and communication are changing rapidly, wide spread awareness of learning is a necessity. Adult learning was traditionally never very important. Stress was more on school age learning. It is only when recently that researchers have sour their attention to learning at the workplace and in everyday settings.(Essays in Rogoff and Lave, 1984 Sternberg Wagner, 1986 Sternberg, Wagner Okagaki, 1993). As learners, the adults articulate the individual(prenominal) goals better, develop motivational skills, and fine tune their knowledge, interests, and acquired skills. Adult learning is based on a learning cultivation. It involves learning of work related as well as, personal skills which help not only individuals but enterprises and nations to Benefit from. Today learning is a strategic feature of the corporate.In times of reducing arrive at margins and stiff foreign competition, it is important to have a workforce which is not only professionally ingrained in skills, but likewise ahead of others in the competition. So, employers have a vested interest in qua lification their stave secures with knowledge and skill that will help them succeed at work. Learning is no eternal a cost, but a benefit that earth-closet be quantified (The Adult Learner at work,p. 306). The adult learner uses transference to use the learnt idea in related jobs. In todays world where technology is changing fast, by earning a degree in a field related to the job, the employee can perform better.Such learning boosts confidence in the employees and nurtures them to realize their full potential. In an establishment, it is the climate of the fundamental law that fosters learning. The staff is encouraged to gain mastery in its field of specialization. The organization must plan erupt the future allowing learning at every stage. Such organizations believe in empowering the employee. It believes that obsolescence of the staff will ring death knell for the organization. The be intimatement supports learning regularly and rewards such military force accordingly. The c ommitment of the management makes the employees persevere as a loyal workforce.Such values create openness in the organization where individuals can develop, create and contribute ideas fearlessly. It minimizes problems by identifying them at an early stage and arresting the major setbacks. Organizations which encourage its staff in adult learning schemes, foster growth of the personnel, as well as the organization. Increasingly, companies will only survive if they meet the gets of the individuals who serve in them not just the question of payment, important as this may be, but peoples true inner needs (Harvey Jones, 1987, Making it Happen, p.249). It becomes important, therefore, that such learnings are supported by reimbursing the tuition fees or course fee of the personnel. The employee is able to convince the employer about the likely advantages of offering tuition reimbursement. The new skills will make the employee more productive. It would also foster leadership in the wor kplace. Such equipped individuals would enhance the companys image when working with the client. Globalization today has changed the way, the enterprises manage and perform .The skill, innovation and quality improvement is imperative for productivity, quality, efficiency and competition. thus training the workforce becomes a critical component of competition. The most successful companies therefore will have to balance the market haul to adapt to changing skills. It is to cope with the pace of change that the companies or enterprises need to train their staff. The urge to preface and outperform on the part of the individual and the enterprise tie them in a bond, where each looks aft(prenominal) the others interest, apart from fulfilling their personal interests.To keep the personnel abreast with the trend, there is a need for constant innovation and training the existing personnel with newer skills. It is always preferred to upgrade the existing personnel with newer skills than bringing in new personnel to meet the need. Existing personnel, being already familiar with the culture of the organization, Can adapt better compared to new personnel, who would have to struggle to familiarize themselves with the organizations culture. peradventure for this in U. K, Employers invested GBP 10.6 billion in training in 1993 (The Learning Age, DFEE, 1998). Human Capital system as revealed by Harriss study (2000) undertakes that training is an investment and will occur only when it can justify the cost. This theory holds good only when the company considers its employees as its asset. In such a scenario, particular(prenominal) skills of the employees are more valuable than generic skills. Making time for the employees training, needs to be resolutely considered before deciding on a training schedule.A number of factors like availability of in stomach training personnel, speed or number of training days needed, frequency of the skill to be used, difficulty of the ta sk and its transference to real life situations need to be considered before an organization decides on a training project. Smaller firms will find it difficult to have in house training due to its higher costs, while bigger firms will find in-house and on-the-job training cost-effective. striking enterprises can afford to have in house training centers which pave way for self-paced and self-directed training.It also aids training before or after work, without compromising on working time. The book teaching Assistance tradition and First Term Military Retention by Richard Buddin, Kanika Kapur, Rand reports of a program, where Department of disproof Supported the employees (on active duty), who enrolled in a college course. It reimbursed up to 75% of their college fees, up to a maximum of $3500 for an various(prenominal) in a year. The program was started having considered the benefits of having More educated personnel, who would perform better and would exhibit potential for gr eater advancement.The program was successful when more than sixty percent of the employees found the recruitment beneficial because of educational opportunities. Thus relevancy and value of tuition reimbursement and making time available for adult learning is synonymous with belligerent performance and has become a critical component in todays changing scenario of globalization. So learning is Life. As we learn we grow.ReferencesThomas. Pourchot, M. Cecil Smith (1998). Adult Learning and Development Perspectives from Educational Psychology, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Robert Burns (2nd Edition).The Adult Learner at Work The challenges of lifelong education in the new millennium. Richard Buddin, Kanika Kapur, Rand (2002) Tuition Assistance Usage and First Term Military Retention . AdultLearning. Directgov-Education and learning. Retrieved on August 30, 2007, from http//www. directgov. uk/en/EducationAndLearning/AdultLearning/Adultlearninggrant/index. htm Arizona Department of welln ess Services,(Fall 1991)Principles of Adult learning by Stephen Lieb . Retrieved on August 30, 2007, from http//. hcc. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevcom/guidebk/teachtip/adults-2. htm

Shaken Baby Syndrome Essay Example for Free

Shaken Baby Syndrome Essay1.Explain the different forms of churl abuse? Include Shaken Baby Syndrome in your response. The four different forms of child abuse be physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse is violence that is directed toward a child or an adolescent by a parent, adult, or guardian. Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is an even more severe form of physical abuse that tail end be very dangerous if not deadly.Shaken Baby Syndrome is when a baby or a small child is shaken in such a violent way that there is toll to their bones, organs, brain, or even enough damage to cause death. Emotional abuse is when a child feels nugatory or rejected to the acts of another adult or guardian but is not physically harmed. inner abuse is when someone is sexually explicit towards a child, shows a child pornography, or if a psyches genitals are exposed to a child. Neglect is when a parent is neglectful to a child. This is when the parent doesnt put their child in school, doesnt feel, clothe, or clean a child, or to fail to care for their childs needs.2.What types of physical care must a parent set up for an infant child? For an infant child, a parent must provide ALL of their childs physical needs such as being bathed, changing their diapers, dressing and feeding their child, etc.3.What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress? Some strategies for helping a child cope with stress are to communicate with the child, learning what creates the stress for the child and help them figure come out ways to cope with what creates the stress, create a stable and free of violence home environment for the child, and to not take your frustrations out on your child.

Water and Air Population Analysis Essay Example for Free

Water and atmospheric state Population Analysis EssayDespite the adverse effects associated with taint of the environment, countries continue to pollute the activate and pissing supply with chemicals, green gases, anele and other waste from domestic or industrial entities. The problem of pollution is a universal wholeness, although different countries experience it at varying degrees. In my local community, (capital of capital of Kuwait) is an rock oil well-heeled country, and is a major exporter of crude oil to US and other countries. Most people in Kuwait depend on oil for energy needs. The climatic and geographic conditions tend to be organic almost of the year. Temperatures can sore up to 510 during summer and drop to -20 during winters. The topography in Kuwait is mostly desert, with only one hill that stands at 300 meters tall. Only 9% of land in Kuwait lends to arable tillage or forest growth. Given that Kuwait is an oil rich country with numerous oil mine poin ts, its waters are prone to pollution due to the oil spills that clear regularly despite temperance efforts employed by the country. In addition, oil reserves often catch fires, which emit allot of spate causing a lot of pollution inn Kuwait.The situation is further compounded by the wishing of forests or plants, which purify the air by seeping carbon dioxide from the oil fires. It takes long for the effects of oil smoke to be erased and the environment is often the victim. Beside the oil fires experienced in Kuwait, air pollution withal occurs from domestic sector as well as enterprises that depend a lot on oil energy for production. The desert topography in Kuwait offers very little chance of natural cleansing to occur due to the absence of vegetation or rainforests and thus the air pollution directly affects the dessert and water pollution in Kuwait.It is rare to witness rain in Kuwait, but when it rains, the amount is massive. Water in Kuwait is a rare commodity because eve n the lakes and rainwater have become acidic and contaminate from the frequent oil spills and smoke from oil fires, which is a common problem. Besides, when it rains top soils are heavily crumble rendering water inconsumable. It seems to me that the climatic and topographical factors in Kuwait contribute very little if any, implement of reducing air and water pollution.This is because of the lack of fundamental components to reduce these pollutions say vegetation, land cover and so on. The two obvious victims of air and water pollution in Kuwait are the people in Kuwait and the environment. On a macro perspective, the human race is a victim of the pollution in Kuwait as seen in the destruction of the ozone layer and global warming. The economic impact on Kuwait citizens is that food production has become very expensive. Most food is imported from other countries. For the economically burdened, collision this basic need is an everyday nightmare.Air borne diseases are also common among Kuwait people specially those who reside near oil lakes and wells. The impact of oil fires, particularly the Persian Gulf fire, is still tangle in the economic spectrum of Kuwait. Over time, it has been reported that the oil reserves in Kuwait are change posture by the day thereby reducing the countries GDP. The reason behind this is not clear but by chance pollution has a hand in it. Children, who are the most vulnerable group to air and water pollution in Kuwait, continue to suffer from respiratory disease due to poor quality air.The extreme temperatures experienced in Kuwait have been underpinned to destruction of the ozone layer due to the carbon emission from oils fires in Kuwait. The result has been wilting of crops in the few oases in Kuwait and solidification of lakes in Kuwait. The situation on air and water pollution is terrible in my community (Kuwait) but the government is keen to take down policies that will reduce the extent of air and waterReferencesTopogra phy in Kuwait. Available at http//www. arab. net/capital of Kuwait/kt_topography. htm accessed on September 18, 2007

The Invasions of Europe Essay Example for Free

The Invasions of atomic number 63 EssayOn the later stage of the dispirited ages or the Middle Ages, Europe experienced loses from barbaric bombardments by Vikings, Magyars and Moslem invaders which ranged from early 9th century up to 11th century. These invasions had made papistic Empire lost most of its land area as nearly as the trust of people to the Christian leaders.Vikings started their clap because of overpopulation in their homeland. They came first to England then to Iona, Ireland and the rest of the northern and western part, destroying the most cultivate part of the region and plundering the rich trading centers and monasteries. As distributively attack became successful, they would return in more numbers. Their invasions had become easier on them because they had their sail ships compared to their earlier invasions which was by foot. volume started fearing to live in the coastal region.While rough of the Vikings battle in the western half of Mediterranean, some began settling in the northwest of France and the others came to Moslem Spain and Great Britain. Chieftains would bribe them in order for Vikings not to attack their villages. slightly groups such as Danes began the resistance and successfully defended England. As Normans settled down, they began to decrease in number. They became civilized and were converted to Christianity. They had lost their lust in plundering.During that period, in the other part of Europe, the Moslems had g single invading Spain, backbreaking Italy, droving out Byzantines in Sicily and southern Italy. They almost got into Rome. While Moslems keep their attack in the Mediterranean, Magyars began invading the east. These groups of invaders which at the same time attacked from all sides had surrounded the European continent. Magyars invaded Germany each year. They had passed through Germany, France, Burgundy, all the way to Italy. While some of them continued to pursue their attacks atFrance, others od d for Spain. Until the Magyar armies were annihilated by a German king Otto I, Europe became safe from invasions. All of these invasions had contributed to the downfall of the rich Holy Roman Empire. But they experienced the worst attack from the Magyars mainly because during that time that they attacked, Europe was already suffering from attacks of Vikings and Moslems. There were almost no civilized regions left during that time and areas became less populated.They invasion became so damaging as they suffered simultaneous attacks from all sides. As the Roman Empire tends to collapse, they failed to resist these attacks earlier because they had fewer warriors. Some locals burn their fields not letting the barbarians behave it. Most of the richest parts were prone to attack while monasteries were heavily subjected to being destroyed. People suffered heavily. They lost their lands, reenforcement and their wealth.As they mourn, they ran to the church for comfort but they were disappo inted as there were anomalies in the leader of the churches. Some of them became robbers, adulterers, and murderers and converged into realms of politics. There were numerous replacements of popes.At a time there were illegal doings in the grandiloquent palaces. Some must have lost their trust in their belief. Yet, Christianity did not end there. It was reformed by Benedictine monks in France. As the Magyars were defeated during that time, they became converts to Christianity and settled at Hungary. Vikings were also converted to Christianity but one of the main reasons is that Christians didnt want to trade with and marry non-Christians.During the latter course of Dark Ages, Europe step by step recovered from the invasion. Leaders were crowned but had conflicts with Christian leaders. There were tensions between them about who had the greatest power. And so the Dark Ages ended.ReferencesKimball, C. (2001). Chapter 7 The Viking Era. A History of Europe. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from http//xenohistorian.faithweb.com/europe/eu07.html.Knight, J. (2001). The Carolingan Age. Middle Ages Almanac, 39-45. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from http//www.4shared.com/file/28008239/b4f1dc89/Gale_-_Middle_Ages_Reference_Library_Vols1-5.html database.

The United Nations And Human Rights Essay Example for Free

The get together Nations And kind Rights EssayThe developments that immediately preceded the Second World War in field of state-relations irreversibly changed the landscape of the international communities. The biggest development, if non the roughly significant, was the establishment of the joined Nations. This move to theoretic all(prenominal)y unite a war-ravaged humans was ambitious and prone to many pitfalls. Among the immediate developments that were ushered in by the creation of this supranational institution was the gentlemans gentleman Rights Machinery. This significant progress came after centuries of inadequate, piecemeal efforts to protect citizens from abuse by their own governments, in 1946 the international society founded a global human rights institution. The unite Nations cathexis on benevolent Rights became the first of all international consistency empowered to promote all the human rights of all the military mans peoples.The founders assume t hat improved assess for human rights would help unmarrieds and would also serve the United Nations primary peacekeeping gal by eliminating restrictive practices which provoked war.1 The importance and legitimacy of the honour for Human Rights and the international promotion of it among the various nations of the world was march on highlighted in Chapter IX of the train relations with international economic and well-disposed cooperation in terms of a pledge or commitment of all Member states.2 Like with many other issues in the semipolitical arena, there is a wide schism amid the word and the act. The contributions of the UN must neither be minimize nor overstated. The UN has been an intellectual pioneer in the issues of economic and sociable development, much more than than is often recognized. At the uniform time, there perk up often been omissions and distortions in its locomote.3 While the ideals proclaimed by the United Nations counsel on Human Rights, through the different Conventions and texts are many, there is a vocal number of people that entrust that the United Nations, together with the mentioned complaint is all rhetoric.In this, there is a strong tendencyto put unsaved for this unsatisfactory state of affairs on the United Nations and it is true that the Organization is in many esteem inapt and ineffective in converting the theory of its own words into certain practice. However, those circles who for good reasons criticize the United Nations would be well advised to do or so more soul-searching as to their own calculate or indirect share of complicity in bringing about and maintaining structures of injustice.4 The human rights machinery refers to the different organs and procedures dealing directly with human rights in the United Nations establishment which includesIntergovernmental organs established on the basis of the Charter of the Security Council, the economical and Social Council, and the relegation on Human Righ ts. The commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice also address human rights issues within their respective(prenominal) mandatesBodies established by human rights treatiesReporting, communications, and investigating procedures established by policy-making organs and treaty found bodiesthe parts of the United Nations Secretariat responsible for human rights activities, e surplusly the United Nation High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Division for the Ad cara wagon traincement of Women and the centre for multinational Crime Prevention confuse also human rights responsibilities. The pip of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Decision for the Advancement of Women adopt joint work plans.5 The Charter of the United Nations, with respect to Human Rights bridged the gap between human rightly established a close link between human rights and other world-wide concerns, viz. the maintenance of peace and the promotion of economic and social development. () The United Nations contend a dynamic role in strongly supporting the quest for independence of colonial countries and peoples was implemental in terminating colonial domination and combating racial discrimination. In no other area did the United bailiwick proclaim and defend human rights principles with so much vigour as in the fields of decolonisation and racial discrimination.6 There is said to be three stages of differently focused activities that capture the essence of the Commissions work in the domain of Human Rights (1) Standard-Setting (2) Promotion (3) Protection. These three stages are essential in analyzing the work, whether in a positive or negative light, of the Commission. The Standard- scene stage started the inception of the body of the United Nations itself and lasted a decade after (1945-1955). The some significant output of this stage, and possibly one of the most significant in human history, was the articulation of the I nternational Bill of Rights and for this one must give credit to the Commission who was entrusted with this massive task. During the first decade, the Commission spent most of its time on the elaboration of the draft international covenants and reason out its drafting work with respect to those instruments in the mid-fifties.7 Despite adoption of the Universal solvent of Human Rights in 1948, concern with and promotion of human rights as such often played little part in the UNs early work on economic and social development. The fulfilment of many economic and social rights was certainly implicit in UN concerns and actions for economic and social advance, but references to rights in this work were few and out-of-the-way(prenominal) between. Moreover, political and civil and cultural rights mostly got forgotten or ignored in economic paternity on development and were treated more as a matter of political and ideological public debate in the U.N. Indeed, in development discussion s, the belief became popular that authoritarian regimes had some advantage and even some justification because of their ability to take the tough decisions requiredfor example, to raise the rate of savings in poor countries. It was argued that more democratic leaders would find it difficult to take these stern decisions.8 Although the drafting of the Universal resoluteness of Human Rights was and is considered a huge achievement for the international community, the acceptance was not as ready, much like all the radical ideas that come into the field, like gender mainstreaming.When a popular support for the ideas embodied in the Declaration did not appear on the horizons, the United Nations began a widespread promotional campaign, the second stage (19955-1965). It was assumed that studies, advice and measures in the field of education and information would in the long run provide a more fruitful basis for enhancing the cause of human rights that the treaty-making process which was under taken with the elaboration of the International Covenants.9 However, this particular stage did not receive resounding success either. The interest that was sparked was not proportionate to the resources of time, energy and money expended to undertake the promotional activities. They failed to grasp the interest and the imagination of the United Nations membership and of the public at large. Moreover, they were too far with turn over from the main political currents in the World Organization. The human rights program was functioning in isolation and it seemed to wishing the political relevance and for that matter the impetus which is needed for dynamic evolution.10 Apparently, the fact that it is one thing to draw up international standards, it is quite another thing to have those standards implemented11 began to painfully dawn on the Commission. It must be said, however, that this unforeseen lack of support was entirely due to the incompetence of the United Nations in gene ral and the Commission, in particular. External factors of the current times have to be taken into consideration as well.Despite the end of the war, there was stock-still prevalent distrust and tensions between nations and peoples, extreme disparities in economic and social conditions between and within nations, religious and ideological antagonism, persistent patterns of racial discrimination and class domination and legion(predicate) other factors, including selfishness of individual human beings, affect the realization of human rights with the various societies. It should also be taken into account that any approach from the viewpoint of violations of human rights is, in the context of inter-State cooperation, a most uneasy and delicate undertaking inasmuch as it focuses mostly on weaknesses and failures.12 It is undeniable, looking at the United Nations history, that the machinery met great difficulties in the human rights ideals across the world and to effectively integrate it into existing government practices. Due to the few successes of the first twain stages, the stage of protection started off with a bumpy ride and is subject to much criticism, which depart discussed in the later paragraphs. Despite the shaky two decades, it is undeniable that the Commission has contributed to the inadequate but but incremental growth of supranational authority capable of scrutinizing practices that had previously been exclusively within governments sovereign jurisdiction.13The tierce stage, protection, came right after the standards were set and the same were promoted to the individuals and national governments. The protection stage is actually the collection of events, still undergoing now, that enforces the standards by responding to specific complaints against over seventy governments. The process has increased the Commissions visibility ad dramatically transformed its operation while exacerbating fundamental differences over whether political or economic, individual or collective rights deserve priority.14 To guide the protection of the worlds population, the Commission refers to now that their shining accomplishment that was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights but other treaties such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (1966), the Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. There can be little doubt that the three greatest intellectual contributions of the United Nations have been human rights on a global scale15 Despite the pioneering efforts of the Commission, those that have resulted in both failure and success, a large number of people are highly vituperative of the United Nations, in general and the Commission, in particular, citing inefficiency, redundancy and an overly-bureaucratic structure as primary reasons. American critics have made the sharpest attacks, venting their greatest anger prior to 1980 and since then against the UN in general and the Assembly in particular. The Commissions harshest critic claims that unfair procedures have been manipulated to subvert democratic governments and fundamental rights. The Commissions defenders lament it restrain impact on government practice and propose a variety of structural reforms.16 One of the biggest concerns expose by the Eastern bloc is the supposed prevalence of Western values embodied in the different Declaration and Treaties. Judging by the time spent in drafting and the norms adopted, the Commission appears to have habituated higher priority to Western sponsored political and civil than to Third World initiated economic and social standards. 17 Economic concerns were definitely more pressing in the third-world countries where starvation trumped political freedom any day. Although in its defense, the Declaration did have economic rights included in the text.However, many complain that while that is tr ue, the Universal Declaration and the two covenants give nearly consideration to economic rights, but create more effective enforcement procedures for civil liberties. The conventions on race discrimination and apartheid affirm the rights of groups as well as individuals but give no special priority to economic concerns. () The consensus decision-making procedure delayed and weakened the 1986 declaration on development.If any standard setting priority exists, the Commission has given the greatest attention to individual civil and political rights. Despite the instant rhetoric about balancing economic and political rights, the gross violations identified have involved considerably more political than economic injustice. () Complaints about forced labour, particularly involving children, have not prompted a solution unless the violation involved mass killing or another top priority.18 Assuming but not conceding that this prioritization were true, it must be said that such would be es sential in the smooth data track of an organization in order not to spread oneself too thin. This is particularly true for the United Nations because a society must establish value priorities about which rights to protect by law and which violations to punish most severely. The international community is even more ideologically divided than its constituent members, therefore attempts to enforce ecumenic human rights exacerbate fundamental political differences.19 Among the popular criticisms of the United Nations Human Rights machinery, the most troubling would perhaps have to be the accusations of the employing double standards standards that heavily favor Western aggression. These complaints found legitimacy in the now-infamous UN inaction during the Rwandan genocide. Furthermore, the deafening silence on the part of the UN during the American military operations against Afghanistan and Iraq hit the UN credibility hard and many more joined the others in crying foul.Some critics have concluded that politically actuate double standards, selective enforcement and disparate treatment totally discredit the Commissions enforcement program. When the Commission acts selectively, its exceptionally rare actions appear arbitrary and capricious. While Commission supporters also complain that too many practiced violation escape scrutiny, they favor imperfect enforcement to none at all.20 In conclusion, the Commission was ill-equipped to coping with the underlying military and economic causes of the worst human rights violations. At best its measures temper and moderate the most extreme offenses. Once the killing has begun, human rights remedies, like United Nations relief for refugees, merely alleviates symptoms.21 With that said, a new chapter of Human Rights protection through the United Nations system was ushered with the extinction of the Commission of the Human Rights in 2006. Its heritor is dubbed the Human Rights Council. This brings to the playing field a shift in the field of Human Rights and is significant in several aspects. First, it addresses the issue of a much-needed face-lift for the image of the United Nations main machine of human rights. The author Commission had its share of bad publicity and the creation of the Human Rights Council, even if pull up stakes heavily make its action on those of its predecessors, makes the evolution in thinking and practice much more understandable by the general public. Moreover, the Council ushers in a new era in which the Commission would have been hard-pressed to concord in. This misfit can perhaps be attributed to the fact that the former Commission was created during a different international field, at a time when war was still a fresh memory. In so many ways, the global community has progressed far beyond the nature of Post-World War II. Therefore, this new change will hopefully formulate mandates that would be more faithful and effective in these current times. A cursory look at the working groups under the Human Rights Council envisions that not all was changed, however, and rightly so. The Council is still carrying out the standard-setting stage, which the Commission excelled at. down the stairs a standard-setting goal, the Council is currently looking into the expansion of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in order to more accurately portray the Human Rights needs of these rapidly changing times. In extension to this potential expansion, there is also a working group under the auspices of the Human Rights Council that is currently drafting a legally binding instrument for the protection of all persons from enforced disappearances. This latter on is merely a continuation of the Commissions work. The other working groups of the Human Rights Council do show that they are treading into new territory, which the Commission was criticized for not doing enough. Under the working groups for special procedures, there are expert s on People of African Descent, Arbitrary Detention and Mercenaries. There is incredible potential for the Council to do great work in the field of human rights and it is not weighed down by decades of bad publicity. Although it is too early in the game to call the outcome, this significant change in the United Nations framework will only be effective if the new Council learns from its predecessors mistakes in enforcement. Although the textual and intellectual contribution of the Commission cannot be disputed, these contemporary times need more than non-binding conventions that do not seem to scare those militant with distinguish disregard for the sanctity and dignity of human life. Being a watchdog of human rights in the world cannot be constrained to formulating conventions and treaties. This was where the Commission excelled at and the Council should build on them but concentrate on actual groundwork where they are needed, on the ground and not from some lofty and comfortable cl imate controlled environs in New York. In many ways, this shows that the United Nations System has evolved with the times and the old complaints with the old machinery will slowly be forgotten. This is a perfect time for any enormous changes within the United Nations system in that there is an actual change of face, literally, with the new Secretary-General therefore any new victories will be counted as part of the new Council, even if it were heavily rooted in the Commissions work.1 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. capital of the United Kingdom Westview Press. p.xiii2 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law cardinal Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A exact Appraisal. p.1193 Jolly, R. et.al. (2004) UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice. Indiana United Nations Intellectual History vagabond Series. p.2764 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A full of life Appraisal. p.12 05 Symonides, J., (2003) Human Rights International Protection, Monitoring, Enforcement. UNESCO Publishing. p.56 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.1207 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.1218 Jolly, R. et.al. (2004) UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice. Indiana United Nations Intellectual History Project Series. p.89 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.12210 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.12211 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.12512 Cassese, A. ed. (1979) UN Law Fundamental Rights. van Boven, T., United Nations and Human Rights A critical Appraisal. p.12513 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.xiii14 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.xiii15 Jolly, R. et.al. (2004) UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice. Indiana United Nations Intellectual History Project Series. p.27616 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.18717 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.19318 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.19319 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.19420 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.20321 Tolley, H., (1987). The UN Commission on Human Rights. London Westview Press. p.220